This course treats of philosophy not as a sterile academic exercise or a web of abstract hypotheses, but as an active, transformative discipline—a true "art of living." Traversing the intellectual landscape from the dawn of Classical Antiquity through Enlightenment rationalism, German Idealism, and modern Continental thought, this course engages with the foundational insights of Homer, Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Seneca, and Epictetus, alongside modern thinkers such as Michel de Montaigne, Adam Smith, Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Schiller, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Schelling, Wilhelm von Humboldt, G. W. F. Hegel, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Martin Heidegger.